演繹 (deduction)
演繹 - Wikipedia
deductive reasoning in nLab
$ (T_3,s_1)\Vdash p_2
modus ponens
(前件肯定)
$ \frac{P\to Q\quad P}{Q}
modus tollens
(後件否定)
$ \frac{P\to Q\quad\neg Q}{\neg P}